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Once upon a more hopeful time, there was a place called GROW, the Grass Roots Organizing Workshop.

For 20 years, the unassuming building behind the ballpark in Columbia’s mill village marked the intersection of art, politics, and grass roots organizing in South Carolina.

The original GROW on Bluff Road

GROW was a true collective born of optimism and faith in the radical ideals of peace, justice, equality, democracy, and respect for Mother Earth.

In 1996, GROW launched the SC Progressive Network. It remains the state’s oldest, home-grown grass roots organizing body.

When GROW unexpectedly lost its lease in 2000, the Network lost its home, the progressive community lost a vital organizing hub, and the capital city lost a cultural treasure.

Truth be told, South Carolina has never seen anything like it.

Until now.

When the GROW building was shuttered, the SC Progressive Network was suddenly homeless. We met in temporary spaces until 2009, when we moved into the historic home of Modjeska Monteith Simkins, an ally and mentor at GROW for nearly 20 years.

Modjeska Simkins at GROW

When Historic Columbia received funds to renovate the house, we again had to move. Much as we loved it there, it was time to find a place of our own.

We didn’t go far. We bought the building next door, at the corner of Marion Street and Elmwood Avenue, in the heart of Columbia.

The Network’s new home!

We’re calling the new place GROW, a nod to our roots and the original mission of movement building.

It is wonderful to have our own home again. The move brings new opportunities — as well as challenges. We must remodel the building to meet city codes and our IT needs. We plan to add a kitchen and, eventually, a second story.

We are counting on friends and allies to help make GROW a vibrant and sustainable resource for South Carolina activists to network, make plans, create art, and find fellowship.

A MODEL FOR ORGANIZING

Unique among SC nonprofits, GROW was worker-owned and self-sustaining. They ran an eco-friendly, union print shop, and a coffee-house that served up loveburgers, sweet potato fries, and live music.

Our aim from the beginning was to be self-sufficient, free of the constraints nonprofits face when reliant upon foundations with no understanding of South Carolina’s cultural and political landscape.

The cafe and print shop kept the lights on and paid staff, but the point of that work was to support all the rest: mobilizing for human rights at home and abroad, and challenging sexism, white privilege, homophobia, institutional racism, and the military industrial complex.

GROW organized pickets, boycotts, and mass rallies, the biggest a 1978 anti-nuclear gathering of 5,000 protesters in Barnwell that ended in 271 peaceful arrests and a surprise performance by Jackson Browne.

Anti-nuclear rally in Barnwell, SC

They started the GROW Food Co-op that served Lower Richland for 40 years.
They published POINT, the alternative newspaper that for 10 years covered stories the mainstream press would not.

Over the years, we have “made a way out of no way,” as Ms. Simkins taught us.

The SC Progressive Network has received some grants, and for those we are grateful but we don’t rely on them. Instead, we hold true to the idea of being beholden only to the community that sustains us.

A LOOK BACK

Since our founding in 1996, we have built a solid record. Here are a few highlights. The SC Progressive Network:

  • Organized mass rallies for a moral budget, Medicaid expansion, and against the Confederate flag on the State House grounds. On the first day of the new administration, we mobilized 4,000 protesters in Columbia.
  • Held town halls on racial profiling, workplace discrimination, and political corruption. We have screened documentaries, led panel discussions, and attended countless legislative hearings.
  • Created in 1998 the state’s first online campaign finance database to track donor contributions to politicians.
  • Has monitored elections and run the Election Protection hotline in South Carolina since 2008.
  • Researched disparities in the criminal justice system and found that black men are incarcerated at a higher rate in SC than anywhere in the nation. We introduced a bill to require cops to report all stops that became law in 2006.
  • Led the challenge to SC’s voter ID law. While we won the battle (you don’t need a photo ID to vote here) we lost the war because confusion over the law led to the very voter suppression we tried to avert.
  • Wrote biographies on Modjeska Simkins, Harriet Hancock, and Sarah Leverette, and History Denied, Recovering South Carolina’s Stolen Past. Another book is in the works.
  • Won a lawsuit in 2016 to allow Greenville County college students living on campus to register to vote.
Challenging the state’s refusal to expand Medicaid in 2014

A LOOK FORWARD

The new GROW is already busy. The space is being used by the Network and a host of friends and allies: labor unions, peace and anti-racist activists, a youth-led immigrant rights group, a nonprofit working to empower young girls, volunteers for a citizens’ campaign to end gerrymandering, a quilting group, a reading group, and poets are meeting for a regular open mic night.

In the coming months, GROW will be used for organizing skills workshops, art installations, and will house a lending library of books and films. This spring, it will be the classroom for the Modjeska Simkins School.

Eventually, we plan to open a cafe with a modest but quality menu.

Already, GROW is clearly meeting a need. With your support, we can create a welcoming space to grow and serve another generation of community organizers in South Carolina.

YOUR INVESTMENT MATTERS

The Network has created the kind of community that only comes with time, trust, and shared experience. You can’t buy that. But you can support it.

Whether it’s time, skills, money — or all three — we welcome whatever you can contribute. We promise to put it to good use. The need is more critical than ever for a new GROW, a place where we can study, map plans, make art, and create a more just and sustainable future.

Your support makes these projects possible:

Modjeska Simkins School for Human Rights was launched in 2015 with a three-month course taught by some of the state’s leading activists, professors, and historians. We equip emerging organizers and those new to South Carolina with the tools they need to be engaged citizens and effective leaders. Our new home will allow the school to expand its curriculum and its reach into Midlands communities.

Modjeska School graduation, spring 2019

• Sunday Socials are the public component of the Modjeska School, offering free film screenings, panel discussions, and author round-tables on various topics of current or historic significance.

Missing Voter Project targets select communities to register the state’s under-represented voters. Since 2004, the MVP has added more than 10,000 people to the voting rolls.

New Legacy Project is the youth coordinating body of the Network. They organize events, record a podcast, and are compiling a report on the state of South Carolina’s younger people.

• Progressive Policy Institute is the state’s only nonpartisan think tank that researches problems and writes legislation to benefit the people’s best interests.

Racial Justice Project investigates and challenges institutional and systemic racism. We provide tools for communities to mitigate racial profiling. We identify unregistered and infrequent voters, and help emerging leaders organize in their schools and their neighborhoods.

Fair Maps SC is a citizens campaign to end gerrymandering in South Carolina by letting voters draw district maps. SC has the least competitive elections in the nation because politicians get to pick their own voters. Ours is the only remedy that doesn’t rely on lawmakers or the courts.

Former state Sen. Phil Leventis talks with Network organizer Omari Fox

• The Monument Project leads group tours of statues and markers that perpetuate a false narrative of our state’s complex history. As long as law prevents their removal, it behooves us to know more about the monuments and markers in our public spaces.

Monument tour of the State House grounds, led by graduates of the Modjeska School

WAYS YOU CAN GIVE

Because you value the work of the SC Progressive Network INVEST!

Your annual contribution keeps our projects going and growing, and supports the new building and infrastructure for the next generation of activists.

Recurring donations are the best way to help us meet our annual budget. One-time donations are welcome. Contributions of $25 include a Network membership. Contributions above $25 are tax-deductible.

DONATE HERE or call 803.808.3384

Mail checks to: SC Progressive Network, PO Box 8325, Columbia SC, 20202

CAPITAL CAMPAIGN

The Capital Campaign must raise $350,000 over the next few years to pay off the mortgage, remodel the building, make it fully accessible, and meet all codes. We have already raised the $41,000 for the down payment and other expenses. Please use the enclosed pledge card to set a giving target. Donations to the Capital Campaign are tax-deductible.

Gifts of stock yield a tax deduction of 100% of the value the day gifted, and reduce or eliminate capital gains on future stock sales.

For details about pledges, gifts, or a bequeath in your will, call 803-808-3384

Celebrate Modjeska Monteith Simkins at 10th annual birthday party

The SC Progressive Network invites you to join us on Thursday, Dec. 5, for our 10th annual birthday party to honor the life and legacy of human rights icon Modjeska Monteith Simkins.

The drop-in at our new HQ — 1340 Elmwood Ave., downtown Columbia — begins at 5:30 with cake and port (Modjeska’s favorite) and live music by sax master Ken Cheeks.

At 6:30, our friends at Historic Columbia will lead a tour of the newly renovated Modjeska Simkins House next door.

The evening will conclude with testimonials from Modjeska Simkins School graduates. Children are welcome.

Want to know more about Ms. Simkins? Download the Network’s free booklet about her remarkable life, or pick up a copy at the party.

Share Facebook event with friends and family online.

Honor the legacy of Rev. Joe Neal by supporting the causes he loved

Organizers and supporters of the Aug. 31 benefit performance of God’s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse, held a press conference at the SC State House on July 24 to promote the event.

The show will be held at Lower Richland High School, and proceeds will support the Modjeska Simkins School and the Joseph H. Neal Health Collaborative.

Doors open at 6pm; show begins at 7pm. Tickets are $35. Click HERE to secure your seat(s).

RSVP/Share on Facebook. Call 803-808-3384 for more information.

We have moved!

Big news, friends. We just got the keys to our new building, the former dry cleaning shop next door to the historic Modjeska Simkins House, where we’ve maintained offices since 2009. Much as we’ve loved being in that historic home, we are excited to have space to grow and call our very own.

After our monthly Network meeting on Monday, a few of us went to check out our new digs. We couldn’t resist reworking the signage while we were there and dream about the messages we will be sharing with the traffic on Elmwood Ave.

This is a huge step in our evolution. If you can, please help us fund the necessary rehab of the building by making a contribution. Donate HERE at our secure web site or drop a check in the mail to SC Progressive Network, PO Box 8325, Columbia SC 29202. Thank you!

Fair Maps SC campaign reality check

At our July meeting, Brett Bursey gave an update on the Fair Maps SC campaign to create a citizens commission to draw district lines, removing lawmakers from the process. We suspected it would be a challenge to get the bipartisan leadership needed to make our plan viable. We were right.

Congratulations to the 4th graduating class of the Modjeska Simkins School!

Graduates of the spring session of the Modjeska Simkins School picked up their diplomas on Saturday, cheered on by family and friends who gathered to help them celebrate. If past classes are any indication, the ceremony did not mark the end of their activist education, but a new beginning.

“We have been so impressed with the graduates of the last three sessions,” said Network Director Brett Bursey, who led the class with Claflin University professor Dr. Robert Greene. “Their level of enthusiasm and engagement has exceeded our expectations. The whole idea is for them take what they’ve learned back into their schools, organizations, and communities. And it’s working.”

In the final class, students talked about how they planned to put to good use what they had learned. Some joined existing projects; others will create and collaborate on new ones. Past graduates have gone on to launch a podcast; revive a feminist group in Columbia that is spearheading plans to ratify the ERA in SC; conduct tours that revisit the historical narratives of the monuments in the state’s public spaces; and grow a vibrant youth organization—the New Legacy Project—that has been compiling a State of the Youth Report. Several former students now serve on the Network’s executive committee. Others are volunteering with local nonprofits and community groups.

The course isn’t easy. It includes challenging reading assignments and difficult discussions. Students meet every other week for two-hour sessions, which sometimes go long. This session ran from March 18 through June 29, with optional workshops on certain Sundays. Guest lecturers included Chief Andy Spell, Lewis Pitts, Dr. Bobby Donaldson, and Louis Burke.

The curriculum is both practical and academic. The first classes teach the history of South Carolina that students didn’t learn in school. The last classes offer the practical tools and resources for successful grassroots organizing in South Carolina.

After graduation, Melanie McGehee shared with her friends on social media, “Honestly, of the times I’ve left somewhere with a ‘certificate,’ this is the one I’m proud of. It’s a different sort of feeling, but I like it.”

Her 13-year-old son Ian also earned a diploma. He was the youngest of the group, and we wondered whether he could handle the material. We were wrong to worry; see clip from orientation.

During the last class, when discussion turned to why students took the course and why we do the work we do, Dr. Greene said, “Our story is not over, but it can turn out any number of ways. I used to be an optimist, but then I pursued a PhD in history. What I’ve learned, what I’ve read about and written also gives me a sense of hope, not a plastic, fake hope that everything will be okay tomorrow. But if we do the work that needs to be done here and now, then if I’m lucky enough to have kids and grandkids, I can tell them we did the best we could and we helped make a better world for you. The alternative is that we let you guys down.”

See more of Dr. Greene’s remarks in this clip.

A few students share some thoughts in this clip.

Congratulations to all the graduates (including those not pictured here): Catherine Adams, Preston Anderson, Vivian Anderson, Molefi Askari, Russell Cody, Johnaca Dunlap, Judy Franchini, Chris Gardner, Melanie Griffin, Marjorie Hammock, Eva Keith, Vince Matthews, Ian McGehee, Melanie McGehee, Norman Miles, John Miller, Laura Nicklin. Myllasa Riggins, Tayyaba Sadiq, Jordan Wiggins, and Emily Wilson.

Ms. Modjeska Monteith Simkins would be proud.

See more photos from the spring session in our online album.

Courts won’t fix gerrymandering? We have a plan for that

“We conclude that partisan gerrymandering claims present political questions beyond the reach of the federal courts,” Roberts wrote. “Federal judges have no license to reallocate political power between the two major political parties, with no plausible grant of authority in the Constitution, and no legal standards to limit and direct their decisions.”

US Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts on court’s ruling on partisan gerrymandering, June 27, 2019

•  •  •

Those of us working on redistricting in South Carolina expected today’s Supreme Court ruling that found no constitutional argument for ordering the states to end partisan gerrymandering. Nothing in the U.S. Constitution gives feds the power to tell states how to run elections. Its Framers were reasonably worried about that kind of centralized power. They remembered King George.

So what are advocates of reform to do? After all, it is unlikely that the majority party will relinquish its control of state government by giving up its control of redistricting. And with 70% of our legislators facing no opposition, the 2020 election will essentially yield the same results as in 2016. In other words, there is no incentive for incumbents to draw district lines that don’t benefit themselves and their party.

That means it’s up to us. Here’s how we do it.

The Fair Maps SC Campaign proposes a plan to create a citizens commission to draw district lines. The plan was built on our understanding that the court can’t — and the majority party of the state legislature won’t — fix our broken system. In most states, including South Carolina, state constitutions don’t allow for ballot initiatives to let citizens put an amendment on the statewide general election ballot. The six states that have successfully implemented redistricting reforms in the past decade did so through statewide citizen initiatives.

The Fair Maps SC Campaign introduced legislation in 2018 to create a Citizens Redistricting Commission (H-3432 & S-254) and a Joint Resolution for a Constitutional Amendment (H-3390 & S-249) to put the question on the November 2020 ballot.

Rep. Gilda Cobb-Hunter (at lecturn) and Sen. Mike Fanning (seated) are lead sponsors of legislation to create a citizens redistricting commission.

The unique part of the Fair Maps SC campaign is the 46county plan to get voters to sign a petition to their county councils to direct their county legislative delegation to put the amendment on the ballot. State law empowers 15% of county voters to put a resolution before council that they shall adopt or put on the ballot for voters to consider.

Since the majority of our legislature is elected in the party primaries, and the total primary turnout in the last presidential year election was just 13.9% — 8.6% Republicans, 5.3% Democrats — it follows that a campaign to let citizens draw draw district lines would easily garner more votes than the legislators or county council members got when elected.

A statewide Survey on Redistricting commissioned by the SC Progressive Network Education Fund was conducted in 2016 by the University of South Carolina Institute for Public Service and Policy Research. It found that a majority (64.5%) of respondents prefer that legislative districts be drawn by an independent commission rather than the General Assembly. When given additional information about gerrymandering, they were more likely to believe that the drawing of legislative districts is not done fairly. (Survey Summary.)

The growing momentum for empowering citizens to draw fair maps does not mean that legislators will easily give up power, but when their constituents show that more of them voted for the county resolution than voted for them in the primary, it creates a new political dynamic that they will not be able to ignore.

This campaign must be bipartisan and led by Republicans and Democrats if we are to gather the required 500,000 signatures from voters by the end of September. State and federal laws consider ballot intitatives to be nonpartisan. This campaign may use grant money to promote the fair maps proposal in churches, schools, and to civic organizations.

We are enlisting the leadership of former elected officials from both parties who are ready to admit that partisan gerrymandering is not good for our democracy and will work to fix our broken system with a citizens campaign for fair maps.

Meanwhile, we are spending the time between now and when the legislature reconvenes in January to engage and mobilize individual activists and organizations in communities across South Carolina to fight for fair maps. It’s an idea whose time has come. Please join us.

Details and toolkit at FairMapsSC.com. Join us on Facebook and Twitter.

June 2: the U.S. vs. Pitts and Bursey

As part of the Modjeska Simkins School‘s Sunday Social series, the public is invited to hear recovering attorney Lewis Pitts on June 2 at the temporary HQ of the SC Progressive Network, 2015 Marion St., downtown Columbia 4-6pm. Pitts is a dynamic speaker with an impressive resume and a trove of stories from the trenches. He will be joined by his former client and longtime friend Brett Bursey. The event is free and open to all.

•  •  •

Lewis Pitts was so dismayed by the legal profession that, after 43 years of practice, he asked the NC State Bar to allow him to resign. He was disturbed by the growing tendency of attorneys and law firms to put profit before the people they were supposed to serve.

“My resignation is because I see an overall breach by the Bar as a whole of the most basic of professional conduct and ethics such that I do not want be be associated with the Bar,” Pitts wrote in a 2014 letter to the Bar. “I do not mean to be mean or flippant. The ministry of law has been a powerful force in my life and I have had the pleasure of working with many terrific people in pursuit of justice — lawyers and non-lawyers. I want these parting words to stir your minds and hearts into reflection, boldness, and transformational action.”

The case went to the state Supreme Court, where Pitts was granted the exit he sought.

A South Carolina native, Pitts graduated from Wofford College and USC’s law school. He practiced in DC and spent nearly 20 years at Legal Aid of North Carolina, where he founded the statewide children’s unit and fought the schools-to-prison pipeline.

Pitts was Network Director Brett Bursey’s lawyer after he was arrested for threatening President George Bush with a “No War for Oil” sign. (Read about the case in this blog post.)

Lewis Pitts (from left), Network Director Brett Bursey, and attorney Jay Bender outside the federal court house in Columbia, where they led a “free speech pay-in” to help cover court costs in Bursey’s trial.

Bursey and Lewis go way back. Pitts represented the Natural Guard protesters at the Bomb Plant (Savannah River Site), and decided to go to jail with them. He was an attorney in Karen Silkwood’s wrongful death suit, took part in civil disobedient arrests at nuclear facilities around the country, and was lead attorney in the successful civil suit against the Klan and Nazis for the murder of five Greensboro activists in 1979. (Watch “88 Seconds in Greensboro” on Vimeo.)

“From my earliest days as a lawyer, I have been concerned that the role of our profession has been to serve and protect the political and business establishment and not to uphold rule of law,” Pitts wrote in his resignation letter. (Read the letter here.)

He told a Greensboro reporter that there was no single incident that made him want to step away. “It was like the hypocrisy was eating me physically and psychologically.” He called his appeal “a desperate plea” in “some explosive times when the rule of law really needs to mean something. I guess it’s time for our profession to undergo a moral checkup.”

Lewis is in Columbia to teach a class of the Modjeska Simkins School. See excerpt from his 2017 class lecture on the evolution of corporations in the United States on our YouTube channel.

Brett Bursey and Becci Robbins at the Lexington County detention center Oct. 3, 2002, upon his release after being arrested for protesting President George Bush.

10,000 teachers make history at SC for Ed rally

On May Day, 10,000 educators, students, and supporters marched from the state Education Department down Senate Street to the State House grounds, where they held a spirited rally — and made history. The grounds were a sea of red, a powerful show of unity and stregth, the crowd audible to lawmakers inside.

Sen. Mike Fanning opened the rally on the Network’s Healthy Democracy rolling stage,  and closed the rally at the State House with a call to action. A teacher himself, Fanning has championed educators in the Senate and is passionate about advocating for real reform rather than the lip service that’s been given for decades to education in South Carolina.

“For too long in South Carolina, teachers have been sitting back and letting non-teachers set the vision for learning, and that has to stop,” Fanning said.

“We have to speak up. We don’t want something done in 10 years — the time is now!

“You are here today — the largest gathering of teachers in the history of South Carolina — and you have done something my colleages never thought you’d do. We showed up by the thousands, we made noise, and we ain’t done yet.”

Teachers are asking for reduced class size and less mandated testing, and more mental health counseling. (Half of schools have no counselors, and half have them only on Tuesdays and Thursdays.)

Fanning said, “You’ve been bullied this week by the community, by your own state superintendent of education.” Molly Spearman issued a statement two days before the rally decrying the “walkout.”

“Year in and year out we rank 48th and 49th in teacher pay,” Fanning said. “We have a base per-student formula that we haven’t funded one time in 11 years. Eleven years doesn’t sound long to those folks, but that is an entire career of a student.

“This year the General Assembly had 1.1 billion extra dollars. Guess what we did to the base student formula? The House cut it by 18 dollars, the Senate cut it by three dollars. Whatever budget passes, you will get less money next year than you got this year per student.

“Eight people crafted the reform bill, with not a single teacher in the room. The bill passed the House 106 to 4. What’s the magic bullet, people ask: I say: Let teachers teach and students learn.

“You blew people’s minds today. Nobody exptected 10,000 teachers. If you’d shown up yesterday, it wouldn’t have been nearly as powerful as showing up with 9,999 others. I need you to make sure they hear your voice, and you’re not going away.

The rally ended with 10,000 voices chanting: I teach, I vote!

This could be a turning point in the long fight for public education in South Carolina. Whatever happens, the rally was a stunning example of worker solidarity that should inspire people across the state.

The SC Progressive Network offered logistical support at the rally. We look forward to collaborting with educators in the coming legislative session.

Sen. Mike Fanning chats with the Network’s Midlands coordinator Daniel Deweese

What was the secret plan that sparked a civil rights movement?

As part of the Modjeska Simkins School’s Sunday Social series, on April 28, 4-6pm at 2015 Marion St. Post & Courier columnist Brian Hicks will talk about his latest book, In Darkest South Carolina: J. Waties Waring and the secret plan that sparked a civil rights movement. His remarks will be followed by a group discussion led by Robert Greene, a Claflin history professor and guest lecturer at the Modjeska School.

The talk is free and open to all. Questions? Call 803-808-3384.

Four years before the landmark US Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education, a federal judge in Charleston hatched his secret plan to end segregation in America.

Julius Waties Waring was perhaps the most unlikely civil rights hero in history. An eighth-generation Charlestonian, the son of a Confederate veteran and scion of a family of slave owners, Waring was appointed to the federal bench in the early days of World War II. He had coveted a judgeship his entire life, but circumstance and fate denied him until he was 61. When Waring finally donned the robe, it changed everything he’d ever known.

Faced with a growing demand for equal rights from black South Carolinians, and a determined and savvy NAACP attorney named Thurgood Marshall, Waring did what he thought was right: He followed the law, and the United States Constitution. Shaken by the bigotry and backlash that followed each of his rulings, Waring soon had a moral awakening – and decided to set the world right.

In the midst of rebelling against home and heritage, Waring crossed two lines from which there was no return: He abandoned his wife of 30 years and married an intellectual Yankee divorcee, which led to his ostracism from Charleston’s South of Broad society. Then Waring ordered the South Carolina Democratic Party to allow African Americans to vote in its primary – and the entire state damned his soul.

The Ku Klux Klan bombarded Waring with threatening calls, letters and burning crosses. The Charleston newspapers declared war. Demagogue politicians promised to run the judge from the bench – and out of South Carolina. Waring’s ruling against discrimination in voting booths even inspired Gov. Strom Thurmond’s infamous Dixiecrat presidential bid. But the judge wasn’t finished. By 1950, Waring believed he’d found a way to destroy all Jim Crow laws, so long as he could carry out his scheme before he was impeached … or killed.

This is the story of 20th century America, where Harry Truman and Strom Thurmond carried on battles begun by Teddy Roosevelt and Ben Tillman, where a Clarendon County preacher risked his life for equality, and a gentle Charleston teacher showed thousands how to claim their civil rights. This is the story of Judge J. Waties Waring, his incredible life and the country he changed. And it all began in darkest South Carolina.

•  •  •

From In Darkest South Carolina: An early winter storm devastated Charleston the last weekend of November. Tat Saturday, three people died of exposure as temperatures dropped into the teens — colder than it had been along the South Carolina coast in seven years. Pipes burst across the city, leaving many residents without water. One woman was found frozen on the waterfront near the Battery and the Fort Sumter Hotel, where the Southern governors were holding their annual convention.

The next day, 125 people set out from Morris Street Baptist church for a nearly two-mile march to 61 Meeting Street. The walk was not unbearable; the temperature ultimately rose to 48, 10 degrees above the forecast. These people — 100 of them black, 25 white — were led by Modejska Simkins, the Columbia activist and state chairman for the Southern Conference Education Fund. The “pilgrimage” had been her idea to honor Judge Waring and his wife for their dedication to civil rights.

The group walked uncluttered sidewalks along King and Meeting streets for nearly an hour before arriving at the judge’s home. There they found an atypical South of Broad scene: a government car parked beneath a palm tree. An armed marshal casually leaning against the house. It looked like a fortified compound in enemy territory. But the Warings stood outside, near their front door, shaking hands with every one of the pilgrims.

It was a simple ceremony. With the group fanning out on the sidewalk and spilling into Meeting Street, Simkins read a citation that praised Waring for his “wise, just and courageous” work, his understanding of democracy, as well as his dedication to protecting the rights of suffrage and the freedom and equality of men.

“Yet it has been seen that many another, in your place, has found it possible, before obdurate prejudices and customs, to avoid the guidance of the noblest guarantees of our constitution,” Simkins said. “Your own faithfulness in this field, despite environmental discouragements others have bowed to, has been exemplary and heartwarming.”

The judge was moved by this tribute more than any other he’d ever received.

•  •  •

Hicks’ journalism has appeared in national and international publications since 1986, and he has written about Southern history and politics for 30 years. He has been featured on CBS Sunday Morning, National Public Radio, the Discovery Channel, the National Geographic Channel and in Smithsonian Magazine. His column has won three Green Eyeshade Awards for best commentary in the Southeast from the Society of Professional Journalists, and Hicks is a former South Carolina Press Association Journalist of the Year.

His previous books include Ghost Ship, When the Dancing Stopped and The Mayor. His Toward the Setting Sun and Raising the Hunley were selections of the Book-of-the-Mouth Club, as well as the History and Military Book Clubs.

A native of Tennessee, Hicks has lived in Charleston for more than 20 years.?